岷江上游森林植被生态水文效应及其生态安全响应研究

CORC > 成都山地灾害与环境研究所 > 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所 > 成都山地所知识仓储（2009年以前）

题名	岷江上游森林植被生态水文效应及其生态安全响应研究
作者	彭立
学位类别	硕士
答辩日期	2008
授予单位	中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所
授予地点	成都
导师	苏春江
关键词	岷江上游森林植被生态水文效应生态安全响应
其他题名	Study on the Forest Vegetation Eco-hydrological Effects and its Ecological Security Response in the upper reach of Mingjiang River
学位专业	自然地理学
中文摘要	森林和水是人类生存与发展的重要物质基础, 也是森林生态系统的重要组成成分, 森林与水之间的关系是当今林学和生态学领域研究的核心问题。如何在较大的尺度上认识森林植被对水文过程的作用是尚待解决的问题，是当前研究的一个重点。开展森林生态水文效应研究，客观评价近年来退耕还林等生态建设所取得的功效具有重要的现实意义岷江上游是四川省乃至我国西南重要的生态屏障，近年来,该地区林草植被的大量砍伐和土地的不合理利用,导致了生态环境的恶化。根据岷江上游地区自然地理环境条件的差别，将该区森林植被划分为暗针叶林、其它针叶林、阔叶林和灌木林等4个类型，利用年降雨量、林冠截留、地表枯落物截留、土壤蓄水数据，计算和评述了该区森林生态系统水源涵养效益，采用水源调节“影子价格”原理，计算了该地区森林生态系统的水源涵养经济价值。结果表明：2000年岷江上游水源涵养量为470557.0×104m3 ，涵养价值为157636.7万元。以岷江上游的长系列水文资料对岷江上游森林生态系统的环境功能、水文效应和森林破坏后的影响进行了分析，结论如下：森林砍伐是引起岷江上游来水量减少的重要原因，岷江上游森林的存在能够增加年径流量；岷江上游森林破坏导致了森林理水功能减弱，表现为水量年内分配越来越不均匀；岷江上游森林的存在可以显著增大枯水流量, 可以显著削减中小洪水的洪峰流量, 但对全流域性长历时暴雨所造成的特大洪水的削减作用是有限的。本文以模糊模式识别理论为基础，提出了流域生态安全评价的模糊模式识别模型。运用模型对岷江上游森林生态水文效应的生态安全响应进行了评价，建立了1,2,3,共三个级别的指标体系，结果表明岷江上游生态安全处于第2级，即处于预警状态，其森林生态水文效应的生态安全响应状况不容乐观。选取森林水文效应的相关指标对生态安全响应进行动态评价得出：从1985-1995-2000年，生态安全响应级别特征值产生了先下降后上升的变化，这与森林植被生态水文效应的变化趋势一致。
英文摘要	Forests and Water are the most fundamental condition for the life and development of humanbeing, and important composition of forest ecosystem. The relation between forest and water is key problem of today research in forestry and ecology. It is a problem to be solved how to know the effects of the vegetation of forest on the hydrology course on greater yardstick.It is also focal point of persent researeh. So the study on forest hydrology effects and provide an objective estimation on the efficiency of ecological projects , such as forest restoration has great Practical signifieance. The upper reaches of Minjiang River serves as ecological barriers of Sichuan Province and even the southwest of china. However, a series of ecologically maladjusted problems have emerged because of the massive lop and reasonless utilization of vegetation in recent decades. Based on the differences of physical geography, the forest in the upper reaches of Minjiang River was divided into physical geographical zones, including dark coniferous forest, other coniferous forests, broadleaf forest, and shrubbery. The capacity of forest water conservation was calculated by using relevant indicators such as annual rainfall, crown cover interception, ground litter water storage，soil rainfall storage. The principle of“shadow price”is applied to estimate the economic value of water conservation caused by forest ecological system. The results indicated that in 2000，the annual water conservation storage caused by forest ecological system in upper reaches of Minjiang River was 470557.0×104m3 , and economic values is 157636.7×104 Yuan RMB.Based on the long term hydrometric records from the upper reaches of Minjiang River Minjiang River，an analysis is made to reveal the effects of deforestation on the hydrological regimes and drawn the following conclusions:Deforestation is the main reason to reduce the water amount from the upper reaches of Minjiang River. Forest has the function of increasing annual runoff. It shows the deforestation of the upper reaches of Minjiang River influences decrease of forest function adjusting the water amount ,cause the water amount to sign more and more uneven within a year.Forest can significantly elevate the runoff in low water seasonand reduce the flood discharge , but its effect of reducing large floods caused by long durating rainstorms covering the whole river basin is limited.with the aid of the theory of fuzzy pattern recognition，a fuzzy pattern recognition model for basin eco-security assessment is established. The established model has been applied to the assessment of eco-security response to forest vegetation eco-hydrological effects in the upper reaches of Minjiang River with a total of 3 ratings from grade 1 to grade 3. The calculation results show that the eco-security in the upper reaches of the Mingjing River belongs to the 2rd grade of the system, namely the early warning grade among the three grades. The assessment of eco-security response to forest vegetation eco-hydrological effects is unoptimistic. The eco-security response to forest vegetation eco-hydrological effects was assessed by using relevant indicators indicates that the grade of eco-security decreased initially and increased later from 1985 to 2000. The chang of the the grade of eco-security showed no difference in their changing trend with the chang of the forest vegetation eco-hydrological effects. 馆藏号 LW033891
语种	中文
学科主题	生态学
公开日期	2010-10-15
分类号	X1;S71
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.imde.ac.cn/handle/131551/2222]
专题	成都山地灾害与环境研究所_成都山地所知识仓储（2009年以前）成都山地灾害与环境研究所_山区发展研究中心
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	彭立. 岷江上游森林植被生态水文效应及其生态安全响应研究[D]. 成都. 中国科学院水利部成都山地灾害与环境研究所. 2008.