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题名	电刺激诱发痛和疼痛表情对时距知觉的影响
作者	翁纯纯
答辩日期	2021-01
文献子类	硕士
授予单位	中国科学院心理研究所
授予地点	中国科学院心理研究所
其他责任者	王宁
关键词	时距知觉 电刺激诱发痛 时间二分任务 疼痛表情 疼痛相关情绪
学位名称	理学硕士（同等学力硕士）
其他题名	The effects of electrical stimulation evoked pain and painful expression on interval timing
学位专业	健康心理学
中文摘要	Interval timing is a kind of time perception, perceiving time ranging from hundreds of milliseconds to several minutes, even to hours, a basic perception for survival. While Pain defined by International association for the study of pain（IASP） as an unpleasant sensory and emotional experience associated with actual or potential tissue damage or described in terms of such damage. Pain contains not only sensory components, but also emotional components. Former researches testified that there were mutual effects of pain and interval timing, however different pain would lead to different influences on interval timing and the underlying mechanism were not clearly studied. In this study, we will look into how electrical stimulation evoked pain and pain expression impact on interval timing, and to investigate if pain perception and pain emotion would be the possible factors to affect interval timing.In experiment 1, we studied the effect of electrical stimulation evoked pain on interval timing by using an electrical stimulation. In a temporal bisection task of which interval ranged from 400ms to 1600ms, subjects received not painful stimulus and painful stimulus in the last 100ms or 300ms of presenting interval or subjects received no stimulus at all. To all the subjects, we found proportion of “long” judgment of 1200ms was significantly lowered when subjects received 300ms painful stimulus. There were no significant differences of PSEs of different stimulus, and only difference founded in WFs was between 300ms painful stimulus trials and no stimulus trials. However, further analysis found that the temporal task results were different while differentiating male and female. The main effects of gender were significant whether for PSE or WF. The sensitivity of timing seemed to be weakened whenever female subjects received stimulus, which however was not the same case in male subjects. The scores of the Fear of Pain Questionnaire-III (FPQ)of female were significantly higher than those of males. Correlation analysis showed that the scores of FPQ were related to PSE change rates under painful stimulus.In experiment 2, we investigated the effect of pain expression pictures on interval timing. The subjects were asked to judge whether the pictures presented were "long" or "short" in a bisection task as the same as that in the experiment 1. The subjects recruited in this study included non-religious and Christians. It was found that pain expression had no effect on the PSEs of non-religious while significantly decreased PSEs of Christian subjects, indicating the interval timing getting quicker in Christians. The Weber coefficients of the two groups were not affected. It was showed that the total scores of empathy ability of Christian subjects were not different from that of non-religious. Only empathy concern scores were significantly higher than that of non-religious. Through correlation analysis, it was found that there was no significant correlation between empathy scores and PSEs, but there was a marginal correlation between empathy scores and Weber coefficient (P = 0.06). In addition, it was found that there was a significant negative correlation between the pain evaluation scores of pain expression pictures and the change rates of PSEs in Christian subjects.To sum up, our results confirmed that electrical stimulation evoked pain can affect the interval timing of subjects, mainly in the effect on time sensitivity. The fear of pain evoked by electrical stimulation may play an important role in this process; Pain expression pictures can also result in the change of temporal perception, but this phenomenon may be different among different cultural background groups. The differences may be attributed to the understanding, empathy concern or the pain evaluation of pain expression pictures.
英文摘要	时距知觉是指知觉范围为数百毫秒级到数分钟，甚至到数小时的时间知觉,是人类赖以生存的知觉能力之一。疼痛是一种不愉快的感觉和情感体验。它或者与实际的或潜在的组织损伤相联系，或者以组织损伤来描述，或者两者兼而有之，疼痛不仅仅包含感觉成分，还同具有情绪成分。之前的研究证实，疼痛和时距知觉存在相互影响，但是不同的疼痛类型对于时距知觉的影响不尽相同，其机制也并不清晰。本研究中将考察电刺激诱发痛以及疼痛表情对健康被试时距知觉的影响，拟从疼痛感受以及疼痛情绪的角度探索疼痛如何影响时距知觉。在实验一中，我们探究了电刺激诱发痛对时距知觉的影响。实验使用电刺激仪，采用400ms至1600ms的时间二分任务范式，分别在呈现时距结束前的100ms和300ms向被试施加无痛和轻度疼痛的电刺激或者不施加任何电刺激。实验发现就整体被试而言，300ms疼痛电刺激能够显著减少被试将1200ms时距判断为长的比例，但是主观相等点在不同电刺激条件下未发生显著变化，而300ms疼痛刺激相较于无电刺激时，韦伯系数显著增大，提示了时间敏感性的变化。进一步分析发现，男女被试的时间二分任务结果受电刺激诱发痛的影响并不相同。性别因素无论在主观相等点还是韦伯系数都呈现显著的主效应。女性被试的时间敏感性在任何电刺激作用下都相较于无刺激状态下减弱，而男性被试并无此现象。恐惧相关问卷调查结果表明，女性被试的疼痛恐惧问卷评分显著高于男性被试。相关分析发现，疼痛恐惧问卷的评分与疼痛刺激作用下的主观相等点变化率具有一定的相关性。在实验二中，我们考察了疼痛表情图片对时距知觉的影响。在实验中同样采用400ms至1600ms的时间二分任务范式，向被试呈现疼痛表情图片以及中性表情图片，要求被试判断观看到的图片是长时距还是短时距。本实验招募的被试包括无宗教信仰者与基督徒。结果发现，无宗教信仰组的被试对疼痛表情图片和中性表情图片的时距知觉没有显著差异，而基督徒被试在观看疼痛表情图片时得到的主观相等点显著小于观看中性表情图片时，表现出时距知觉的加快。两类被试的韦伯系数均未受影响。采用人际反应指数量表对两者的共情能力进行调查发现，基督徒被试的共情能力总分与无宗教信仰者并没有差异，仅共情关注这一项显著高于无宗教信仰者。通过相关分析，发现全部被试的共情评分与主观相等点并没有显著相关，但是基督徒被试共情评分与韦伯系数之间存在边缘相关（p=0.06）。另外在基督徒被试中还发现疼痛表情的疼痛评价分数与主观相等点变化率之间呈显著负相关。 我们的结果证实，电刺激诱发痛能够影响被试的时距知觉，主要表现在对于时间敏感性的影响。在男女被试之间，电刺激诱发痛对时距知觉的影响存在一定的差异，疼痛恐惧可能在这个过程中发挥重要作用；疼痛表情图片也能够引起时距知觉的变化，但是这一现象在不同文化背景群体之间可能存在差异，这种差异可能归因于被试对于疼痛表情图片的理解、关注以及疼痛评价。
语种	中文
内容类型	学位论文
源URL	[http://ir.psych.ac.cn/handle/311026/41540]
专题	心理研究所_健康与遗传心理学研究室
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	翁纯纯. 电刺激诱发痛和疼痛表情对时距知觉的影响[D]. 中国科学院心理研究所. 中国科学院心理研究所. 2021.

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