Impacts of the linear flowing industrial wastewater on the groundwater quality and human health in Swabi, Pakistan

doi:10.1007/s11356-021-13842-5

	Impacts of the linear flowing industrial wastewater on the groundwater quality and human health in Swabi, Pakistan
	Hussain, Rahib 1,2,3; Khattak, Seema Anjum 1; Ali, Liaqat 1; Sattar, Shehla 1,4; Zeb, Madeeha 1; Hussain, Mian Luqman 1
刊名	ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH
	2021-06-01
页码	16
关键词	Carbonates Health risk PLI Toxic trace elements SAR Water quality
ISSN号	0944-1344
DOI	10.1007/s11356-021-13842-5
通讯作者	Hussain, Rahib(rahibpcr@gmail.com)
英文摘要	The present study aimed to probe the extent and mobility of contamination in wastewater and its impact on groundwater and human health in the Swabi region in Pakistan. Representative samples (n = 86) were collected from both wastewater streams and groundwater in an analogous environmental setting. The result showed that pH, color, hardness, alkalinity, chemical oxygen demand, chloride, suspended solids, total dissolved solids, Cr, Cd, Pb, Cu, Fe, Mg, Na, Ca, and K in industrial wastewater were higher than the Pak-EPA (Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency) and the United State Environmental Protection Agency (US-EPA) devised standards. In groundwater, the concentration (mu g L-1) of trace elements, namely, Cd (1.16), Pb (17.4), Fe (12426), Mn (320), Mg (129784), Na (33630), Ca (177944), and K (9558) was significantly higher than the WHO (World Health Organization) acceptable level, showing decreasing tendency with increasing distance from the industrial zone. The study perceived that wastewater caused permanent hardness, while groundwater hardness was decreased from permanent to temporary at a distance from industries. Integrated health risk assessment revealed that Cu, Zn, and Co may cause low risk, Na, Mn, Ni, Pb, and Cr cause medium risk, whereas Cd, Fe, Mg, Ca, and K may cause a high health risk. Moreover, the average daily intake of Fe, Mn, Mg, Na, Ca, and K was comparably higher than Cr, Cd, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn, and Co in both adults and children. The mode of occurrence of contaminants in groundwater was due to the leaching of contaminated wastewater and the oxidation of metals. Furthermore, carbonates, chloride, and SAR (sodium adsorption ratio) precipitation have a key role in groundwater contamination and influencing the natural water quality. The study concluded that the health problems in the surrounding areas were due to the use of contaminated water for drinking and household purpose. The study suggests filtering the drinking water and treating the wastewater before releasing it into the environment.
资助项目	National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
WOS关键词	RISK-ASSESSMENT ; HEAVY-METALS ; SOURCE IDENTIFICATION ; DRINKING-WATER ; SURFACE-WATER ; CADMIUM ; POLLUTION ; EXPOSURE ; CHINA ; RIVER
WOS研究方向	Environmental Sciences & Ecology
语种	英语
出版者	SPRINGER HEIDELBERG
WOS记录号	WOS:000656808300007
资助机构	National Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Pakistan
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.igsnrr.ac.cn/handle/311030/164046]
专题	中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所
通讯作者	Hussain, Rahib
作者单位	1.Univ Punjab, Coll Earth & Environm Sci, Lahore 54590, Pakistan 2.Univ Peshawar, Natl Ctr Excellence Geol, Peshawar 25130, Pakistan 3.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resource Res, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China 4.Univ Swabi, Dept Environm Sci, Swabi 23561, Khyber Pakhtunk, Pakistan
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Hussain, Rahib,Khattak, Seema Anjum,Ali, Liaqat,et al. Impacts of the linear flowing industrial wastewater on the groundwater quality and human health in Swabi, Pakistan[J]. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH,2021:16.
APA	Hussain, Rahib,Khattak, Seema Anjum,Ali, Liaqat,Sattar, Shehla,Zeb, Madeeha,&Hussain, Mian Luqman.(2021).Impacts of the linear flowing industrial wastewater on the groundwater quality and human health in Swabi, Pakistan.ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH,16.
MLA	Hussain, Rahib,et al."Impacts of the linear flowing industrial wastewater on the groundwater quality and human health in Swabi, Pakistan".ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH (2021):16.