A late Pleistocene fossil from Northeastern China is the first record of the dire wolf (Carnivora: Canis dirus) in Eurasia

doi:10.1016/j.quaint.2020.09.054

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	A late Pleistocene fossil from Northeastern China is the first record of the dire wolf (Carnivora: Canis dirus) in Eurasia
	Lu, Dan 3,4; Yang, Yangheshan 4; Li, Qiang 2,3,4; Ni, Xijun 1,2,3,4
刊名	QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL
	2021-07-30
卷号	591 页码:87-92
关键词	Dire wolf Late Pleistocene Northeastern China
ISSN号	1040-6182
DOI	10.1016/j.quaint.2020.09.054
通讯作者	Ni, Xijun(nixijun@ivpp.ac.cn)
英文摘要	The dire wolf was one of the successful top predators in North America during the Pleistocene. It is best known from the southern part of North America, and it even immigrated to South America. Fossils of dire wolves are very rare north of 42- North latitude in North America. That distribution supported the belief that the low temperatures and ice sheets in the higher latitudes of North American formed an insurmountable barrier for the dispersal of dire wolves. Here we report the first record of the dire wolf fossil in Eurasia. The fossil is a partial mandibular fragment with a tooth recovered from a Late Pleistocene underwater sand mine site near the city of Harbin in Northeastern China. Other mammalian fossils from the same site suggest that this dire wolf coexisted with the typical Mammuthus-Coelodonta fauna of Eurasia. The newly discovered specimen has a huge m1; much larger than gray wolves and other large canids from the same region. The massive m1 trigonid accounts for a high percentage of its overall length. The m1 talonid is reduced, but retains a small entoconid. The m2-3 alveoli suggest that the two teeth were smaller than those of the gray wolf. The combination of these morphologies is present only in the dire wolf. When the body mass spectra of medium and large-bodied carnivores from Asia and North America were compared, the Asian dire wolf occupies a position nearly overlapping the spotted hyena (Crocuta crocuta ultima). During the Late Pleistocene, C. crocuta ultima was one of the most widely distributed and dominant carnivores in Asia. Competition from hyenas may have kept dire wolf Asian populations at very low levels leading to their rarity as fossils rare in Asia.
资助项目	Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences[XDA20070203] ; Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences[XDB26030300] ; Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences[XDA19050100] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China[41888101] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China[41988101] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China[41625005] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China[41902020]
WOS关键词	ICE-FREE CORRIDOR ; BODY-MASS ; MEGAFAUNAL EXTINCTIONS ; TOOTH FRACTURE ; TAR PITS ; BREA ; MAMMALIA ; COMPETITION ; BEHAVIOR ; STEPPE
WOS研究方向	Physical Geography ; Geology
语种	英语
出版者	PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
WOS记录号	WOS:000647724800004
资助机构	Strategic Priority Research Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences ; National Natural Science Foundation of China
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://119.78.100.205/handle/311034/18351]
专题	古脊椎动物与古人类研究所_图书馆1
通讯作者	Ni, Xijun
作者单位	1.CAS Ctr Excellence Tibetan Plateau Earth Sci, Beijing 100104, Peoples R China 2.CAS Ctr Excellence Life & Paleoenvironm, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China 3.Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China 4.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Vertebrate Paleontol & Paleoanthropol, Key Lab Vertebrate Evolut & Human Origins, Beijing 100044, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Lu, Dan,Yang, Yangheshan,Li, Qiang,et al. A late Pleistocene fossil from Northeastern China is the first record of the dire wolf (Carnivora: Canis dirus) in Eurasia[J]. QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL,2021,591:87-92.
APA	Lu, Dan,Yang, Yangheshan,Li, Qiang,&Ni, Xijun.(2021).A late Pleistocene fossil from Northeastern China is the first record of the dire wolf (Carnivora: Canis dirus) in Eurasia.QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL,591,87-92.
MLA	Lu, Dan,et al."A late Pleistocene fossil from Northeastern China is the first record of the dire wolf (Carnivora: Canis dirus) in Eurasia".QUATERNARY INTERNATIONAL 591(2021):87-92.