Did Ecological Restoration Hit Its Mark? Monitoring and Assessing Ecological Changes in the Grain for Green Program Region Using Multi-source Satellite Images

doi:10.3390/rs11030358

	Did Ecological Restoration Hit Its Mark? Monitoring and Assessing Ecological Changes in the Grain for Green Program Region Using Multi-source Satellite Images
	Tang, Yuzhi 1,2; Shao, Quanqin 1,2; Liu, Jiyuan 1; Zhang, Haiyang 1; Yang, Fan 1,2; Cao, Wei 1; Wu, Dan 3; Gong, Guoli 4
刊名	REMOTE SENSING
	2019-02-01
卷号	11 期号:3 页码:28
关键词	Grain for Green Program ecological monitoring and assessment land use and land cover ecosystem services trade-offs remote sensing
ISSN号	2072-4292
DOI	10.3390/rs11030358
通讯作者	Shao, Quanqin(shaoqq@lreis.ac.cn)
英文摘要	Ecological restoration programs are expected to control environmental deterioration and enhance ecosystem functions under a scenario of increasing human disturbance. The largest ecological restoration program ever implemented in China, the first round of the countrywide Grain for Green Program (GGP), finished in 2010. However, it is not known whether the ecological changes that resulted from the GGP met the restoration goal across the whole implementation region. In this study, we monitored and assessed the ecological changes in the whole GGP region in China over the lifetime of the first round of implementation (2000-2010), by establishing a comprehensive assessment indicator system composed of ecosystem pattern, ecosystem quality (EQ), and key ecosystem services (ESs). Remote sensing interpretation, ecological model simulations based on multi-source images, and trend analysis were used to generate land use and land cover (LULC) datasets and estimate ES and ESs indicators. Results showed that while forest increased by 0.77%, artificial land increased more intensely by 22.38%, and cropland and grassland decreased by 1.81% and 0.68%, respectively. The interconversion of cropland and forest played a primary role in ecosystem pattern change. The increase in ecosystem quality measures, including fractional vegetation cover (0.1459% yr(-1)), leaf area index (0.0121 yr(-1)), and net primary productivity (2.6958 gC m(-2) yr(-1)), and the mitigation of ecosystem services deterioration in soil water loss (-0.0841 t ha yr(-1)) and soil wind loss (-1.0071 t ha yr(-1)) in the GGP region, indicated the positive ecological change in the GGP region to some extent, while southern GGP subregions improved more than the those in the north on the whole. The GGP implementation other than climate change impacted ecological change, with contributions of 14.23%, 9.94%, 8.23%, 30.45%, and 18.05% in the ecological outputs mentioned above, respectively. However, the water regulation did not improve (-2283 t km(-2) yr(-1)), revealing trade-offs between ecosystem services and inappropriate afforestation in ecological restoration programs. Future GGP implementation should change the practice of large-scale afforestation, and focus more on the restoration of existing forest and cultivation of young plantings, formulating rational and specific plans and designs for afforestation areas through the establishment of near-natural vegetation communities, instead of single-species plantations, guided by regional climate and geographical characteristics.
资助项目	National Key Research and Development Program of China[2017YFC0506501] ; National Natural Science Foundation of China[41571504] ; National Ecosystem Survey and Assessment of China[STSN-7]
WOS关键词	NET PRIMARY PRODUCTIVITY ; CHINA LOESS PLATEAU ; LEAF-AREA INDEX ; SCALE AFFORESTATION EFFORTS ; ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ; LAND-COVER ; NORTHERN SHAANXI ; VEGETATION COVER ; SAND BARRIERS ; SOIL
WOS研究方向	Remote Sensing
语种	英语
出版者	MDPI
WOS记录号	WOS:000459944400146
资助机构	National Key Research and Development Program of China ; National Natural Science Foundation of China ; National Ecosystem Survey and Assessment of China
内容类型	期刊论文
源URL	[http://ir.igsnrr.ac.cn/handle/311030/49215]
专题	中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所
通讯作者	Shao, Quanqin
作者单位	1.Chinese Acad Sci, Inst Geog Sci & Nat Resources Res, Key Lab Land Surface Pattern & Simulat, Beijing 100101, Peoples R China 2.Univ Chinese Acad Sci, Beijing 100049, Peoples R China 3.Minist Ecol & Environm, Nanjing Inst Environm Sci, Nanjing 210042, Jiangsu, Peoples R China 4.Shanxi Inst Energy, Taiyuan 030006, Shanxi, Peoples R China
推荐引用方式 GB/T 7714	Tang, Yuzhi,Shao, Quanqin,Liu, Jiyuan,et al. Did Ecological Restoration Hit Its Mark? Monitoring and Assessing Ecological Changes in the Grain for Green Program Region Using Multi-source Satellite Images[J]. REMOTE SENSING,2019,11(3):28.
APA	Tang, Yuzhi.,Shao, Quanqin.,Liu, Jiyuan.,Zhang, Haiyang.,Yang, Fan.,...&Gong, Guoli.(2019).Did Ecological Restoration Hit Its Mark? Monitoring and Assessing Ecological Changes in the Grain for Green Program Region Using Multi-source Satellite Images.REMOTE SENSING,11(3),28.
MLA	Tang, Yuzhi,et al."Did Ecological Restoration Hit Its Mark? Monitoring and Assessing Ecological Changes in the Grain for Green Program Region Using Multi-source Satellite Images".REMOTE SENSING 11.3(2019):28.